Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 19, May 2026. SignificanceRegulating digital platforms is difficult when platforms control the data needed to assess design changes. This study demonstrates an alternative: an open, market-wide field experiment that allows independent measurement of market outcomes. ...
Science Journals
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 19, May 2026. SignificancePlants experience multiple environmental signals, such as light and temperature, that must be interpreted together to regulate growth and development. How this integrative capacity evolved across plant lineages remained unclear. By comparing ...
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 19, May 2026. SignificanceThe pineal gland is a central regulator of circadian rhythms and neuroendocrine homeostasis in primates, yet its cellular diversity and spatial regulatory logic remain poorly defined. By integrating single-nucleus and spatial multiomics in...
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 19, May 2026. SignificanceThis work uncovers a glial pathway by which chronic psychosocial stress drives maladaptive myelin and immune changes. We show that Pde4b upregulation in stress-specific immune-like oligodendrocytes (ImOL) orchestrates cyclic adenosine ...
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 19, May 2026. SignificanceGenome evolution in prokaryotes has been explained by either selection for streamlining or selection for functional diversification enabled by horizontal gene transfer. However, the extent to which these forces coexist or dominate in different ...
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 19, May 2026. SignificanceMCM8 and MCM9 form a hexameric helicase that is critical for preserving ovarian reserve and preventing premature ovarian insufficiency (POI), a major cause of female infertility. In this study, we demonstrate that MCM8-9 helicase activity is ...
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 19, May 2026. SignificanceRecognizing the Loess Plateau as the world’s largest afforestation area, we explored vegetation states across a large-scale survey to reassess precipitation thresholds of afforestation. We identified a forest maintenance threshold of 350 mm ...
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 19, May 2026. SignificanceMolecular recognition processes are ubiquitous to enact function. The current materials design efforts focused on energetics as primary factor to tune binding are suboptimal because they overlook the role of entropic forces, which is often ...
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 19, May 2026. SignificanceThe interaction between sphingomyelin (SM) and cholesterol, two of the most abundant lipids in plasma membranes of animal cells, provides many functional benefits. These include protection from microbial infection, prevention of unrestrained ...
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 19, May 2026. SignificanceBetter understanding plant photosynthetic responses to elevated temperature and leaf-to-air vapor pressure difference (Δe) is critical under climate change. By separating temperature and Δeeffects across multiple CO2levels, we demonstrate ...
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 19, May 2026. SignificanceCortical traveling waves (TWs) have been observed across species and cognitive states, yet their causal role in brain function has remained unclear. A major challenge has been the lack of tools to selectively impose TW-like spatiotemporal ...
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 19, May 2026. SignificanceChildren rapidly acquire an ability for language during early development. One theory, called iterated learning, posits that language evolves over generations to become more structured. This structure can then be exploited by learners through ...
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 19, May 2026. SignificanceSeeds evolved when plants retained the female spores inside the parent tissue. The growth of the spores was accommodated by removing part of the nucellus, the maternal tissue responsible for female meiosis. Here, we demonstrate that ...
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 19, May 2026. SignificanceLong-term hematopoietic stem cells (LT-HSC) maintain lifelong hematopoiesis while preserving the stem cell compartment through self-renewal. ATP2B1 identifies a rare population of LT-HSC across ontogeny which relies on the Transcription Factor ...
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 19, May 2026. SignificanceB lymphocytes generate different antibody isotypes to combat antigens through a DNA breakage and joining process termed antibody class switch recombination (CSR). During CSR, the dynamic regulation of chromatin configuration juxtaposes the two ...
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 19, May 2026. SignificanceInducing programmed cell death represents one of the most promising therapeutic strategies for colorectal cancer (CRC). Our analysis revealed significantly elevated copper levels and increased expression of DLAT in CRC tissues compared to ...
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 19, May 2026. SignificanceBifunctional catalysts play vital roles and are widely used in catalysis. It is well established that the proximity of dual active sites determines catalytic performance. Yetspatial arrangement control over dual sites is restricted to two ...
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 19, May 2026. SignificanceThis study uncovers a mechanism by which a host-derived pseudogene RNA regulates innate immunity and highlights its clinicopathological significance in breast and other cancers. Given the essential role of antiviral pathways in immune ...
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 19, May 2026. SignificanceCompound K (CK), a significant metabolite of ginsenoside, has many unexplored anticancer chemical properties. We have developed an efficaciousCKderivative,CKD-4with significantly enhanced cancer cell penetration and cytotoxicity both in ...
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 19, May 2026. SignificanceAlthough eosinophils are consistently associated with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), their precise functional roles and mechanisms of action in disease remain incompletely defined. We identify eosinophil-derived COX-2 as the main source of ...
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 19, May 2026. SignificanceAttention control is fundamental to human cognition, and people differ in this trait to maintain focus. These individual differences shape success in school, work, and health, but their neural basis remains unclear. Our study shows that ...
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 19, May 2026. SignificancePlants rely on chemical defenses to deter herbivores, yet the evolutionary processes that generate such systems remain poorly understood. Two-component defenses, in which inactive compounds are rapidly activated upon damage, offer an ideal ...
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 19, May 2026. SignificanceIn many sexually reproducing animals, germ cells form a syncytium as a result of incomplete cell division, sharing cytoplasmic components via intercellular bridges. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying these processes remain largely ...
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 19, May 2026. SignificanceUnderstanding the cognitive mechanisms underlying mental health is crucial for developing effective treatments that target causes rather than symptoms. To identify these mechanisms, researchers test large samples of online participants and ...
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 19, May 2026. SignificanceNOVARK, a de novo–designed kinase reporter platform featuring ultrabright signals, a large dynamic range, and minute-scale responsiveness, fulfills the full spectrum of desirable characteristics for an ideal kinase reporter. It enables ...