Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 19, May 2026. SignificanceGenetic mutations often play different roles in cancer, driving or suppressing tumor growth depending on their molecular context. The protein Speckle-type POZ protein (SPOP) is a striking example that acts as either a tumor-suppressor or ...
Science Journals
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 19, May 2026. SignificanceDirect visualization of carbon corrosion in liquid uncovers the dynamics of carbon degradation during oxidation. Carbon materials underpin technologies ranging from energy storage to sensing, yet their instability remains poorly resolved at ...
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 19, May 2026. SignificanceEukaryotic algae enhance their carbon assimilation using an organelle called the pyrenoid, where concentrated CO2is supplied to the CO2-fixing enzyme Rubisco. In many algae, a starch sheath surrounding the pyrenoid is thought to enhance CO2...
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 19, May 2026. SignificanceMolecular dynamics (MD) simulation is a key tool for studying the behavior of proteins and other biomolecules, but despite four decades of hardware and algorithm advances, MD cannot characterize the biomolecular behavior of most systems of ...
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 19, May 2026. SignificanceLarge observational datasets are often used in epidemiology or social sciences to identify risk factors associated with health outcomes. However, these studies can be misleading when the putative risk factor and outcome are both complex ...
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 19, May 2026. SignificanceFor democracy to endure, citizens must be willing to reject politicians who threaten to undermine it. Yet, whether citizens will do so in practice remains an open question. An important line of experimental research shows that citizens’ ...
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 19, May 2026. SignificanceAffective signals profoundly influence movement, yet the mechanisms linking motivationally relevant contexts with motor behavior remain unclear. Combining ultra-high-field (7 T) connectomics with task-based (3 T) neuroimaging, we provide ...
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 19, May 2026. SignificanceTonotopy maps sound frequency to location along the cochlea, but animal studies show this map shifts with sound level. In humans, level-dependent place shifts have been inferred mainly from masking and pitch measures because intracochlear ...
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 19, May 2026. SignificanceHow does the brain sustain effortful cognitive activity? Might subcortical valuation regions play a larger role than they are usually given credit for? Using neuroimaging with humans, we show that the amygdala and the nucleus accumbens work ...
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 19, May 2026. SignificanceThis study suggests that, when viewed broadly, emotional intelligence (EI) has a robust association with human flourishing (e.g., purpose, fulfillment, success in the classroom and at work, mental and physical health). Specifically, EI-...
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 19, May 2026. SignificanceDevelopment requires that cells change identity in the correct order while the organism continues to grow. How multicellular animals generate and synchronize this timing information across tissues has remained unclear. We identify a molecular ...
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 19, May 2026. SignificanceGut bacteria exhibit extensive genetic diversity that influences microbiome function and host health. The evolutionary forces shaping this diversity—homologous recombination and horizontal gene transfer (HGT)—remain poorly understood across ...
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 19, May 2026. SignificanceRecent cryospheric imbalance across the Asian water towers, threatening water security for over two billion people, reflects the coupled effects of large-scale atmospheric circulation and global warming. Disentangling these effects remains ...
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 19, May 2026. SignificanceILC2s are essential in mucosal immunity against helminth infections and maintaining metabolic health by producing type 2 cytokines. However, they also contribute to the pathology of allergic inflammation in the lungs, intestines, and skin. ...
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 19, May 2026. SignificanceHuman immunoglobulin IgA occurs in diverse assemblies, mainly monomers (mIgA) and J-chain coupled dimers (dIgA). The general view is that these forms are produced at different sites, i.e., circulatory and mucosal, with mIgA assumed to ...
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 19, May 2026. SignificanceCell communication is essential to coordinate cellular functions within living organisms. Our study shows that three-dimensional (3D) cell shapes can directly impact contact-based Notch-Delta signaling to modify signaling range and set SOP ...
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 19, May 2026.
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 19, May 2026.
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 19, May 2026. SignificanceThis study advances theories of violence by bridging sociology and social psychology to show how social cognitions shaped by past violence exposure persist and influence behavior in new contexts. By identifying specific social cognitions ...
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 19, May 2026. SignificanceMicrohomology-mediated tandem duplications (MTDs) are a conserved mechanism driving genomic variation across species. MTDs evolve primarily under neutral dynamics, with purifying selection preferentially depleting them from coding regions. The ...
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 19, May 2026. SignificanceExtremity musculoskeletal trauma is the most common injury pattern seen in humans. While in some instances, these musculoskeletal tissues heal, oftentimes tissue repair fails due to an aberrant cell fate program of the cells at the injury ...
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 19, May 2026. SignificanceThe prevailing assumption of millennial-scale stability has led to the widespread neglect of soil inorganic carbon (SIC) dynamics, especially in deep soil layers. Using a large-scale, depth-resolved resampling of China’s upland croplands, we ...
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 19, May 2026. SignificanceEarly-life adversity (ELA) can have lifelong consequences, yet identifying how early experiences shape individual variation in growth and reproduction has remained difficult in primates. Leveraging 64 y of behavioral, physiological, and ...
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 19, May 2026. SignificanceUnderstanding how species cope with rapid climate and land use change requires studying evolutionary responses across scales. UsingAmaranthus tuberculatus, a native species turned major agricultural weed, we bridge timescales by pairing a ...
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 19, May 2026. SignificanceOrphan G protein–coupled receptors (GPCRs) constitute a vast reservoir of potential drug targets but remain structurally elusive due to the absence of ligands, unclear G-protein coupling, and inherent instability. To address these challenges, ...