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Peer-reviewade publikationer — 64018 artiklar

Conceptual completeness for subgeometric logics
arXiv:2607.02250v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: We explore the notion of conceptual completeness for a fragment of geometric logic in the framework developed by the first and third author. Unlike its traditional interpretation as a reconstruction of syntax from semantics, in this paper we characterise conceptual completeness of a fixed fragment in terms of a duality between theories and topoi. We then show that conceptually complete fragments are conservatively embedded in full geometric logic, thus casting conceptual completeness in a new proof-theoretic light. We give a new proof of conceptual completeness for coherent logic, and we also show that regular, disjunctive, and essentially algebraic logic with falsum are conceptually complete. Finally, we show that our notion is equivalent to a traditional reconstruction result under the assumption of completeness with respect to set-based models: in the coherent case, we thus recover Makkai's original reconstruction theorem via ultracategories.
A transition-metal qubit in diamond with all-optical control and millisecond quantum memory
arXiv:2607.02258v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Quantum networks require qubits that combine efficient optical access, coherent control, and long-lived quantum memory, but realizing all three in one scalable platform remains a central bottleneck. Diamond color centers are leading candidates, yet widely studied defects retain tradeoffs among these capabilities. Here, we show that transition-metal defects in diamond provide a distinct route beyond these platforms by combining spin-orbit protected ground-state coherence, all-optical control, and near-infrared emission. Using a single nickel-vacancy (NiV$^-$), we demonstrate an all-optically controlled diamond spin qubit with coherence exceeding one millisecond at 1.65 K, compatible with compact closed-cycle cryogenics. We implement Raman Rabi oscillations and Ramsey interferometry and use all-optical dynamical decoupling to extend coherence from $T_2^*$ = 371 ns to $T_2^{CPMG-4}$ = 1.27 ms, establishing NiV$^-$ as a deployable diamond spin-photon interface.
Time-Reversal and Reversible Dynamics in Cavity QED for Quantum Metrology
arXiv:2607.02320v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Quantum-enhanced metrology relies on entanglement to achieve sensitivities beyond the standard quantum limit. While remarkable progress has been made in generating highly entangled many-body states, extracting their metrological advantage remains a central challenge because the encoded information is often inaccessible to realistic measurements. A key development of the past decade has been the realization that many-body interactions can play a dual role: they can be used not only to generate entanglement, but also to decode it. This idea underlies interaction-based readout and time-reversal protocols, in which controlled non-linear dynamics transform weakly encoded signals into experimentally accessible observables. Cavity quantum electrodynamics (QED) provides a particularly powerful setting for these approaches because it combines collective enhancement, tunable interactions, and controllable reversibility within a single platform. In this review, we discuss the emergence of time-reversal protocols in cavity QED, from their conceptual roots in Loschmidt echoes to modern implementations of signal amplification through a time-reversed interaction (SATIN), scrambling-enhanced metrology, and more general interaction-based readout schemes. We examine the physical mechanisms that enable reversible many-body dynamics, review key experimental demonstrations, and discuss future directions involving complex entangled states, nonlinear decoding, and emerging quantum platforms. Together, these developments suggest that the ability to decode quantum information may become as important as the ability to generate it, establishing reversible many-body dynamics as a central resource for quantum-enhanced sensing.
Stable Self-Modulating Quantum Fast-Weight Programmers with Bounded Memory Gates
arXiv:2607.02363v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Quantum Fast-Weight Programmers (QFWPs) store temporal information in dynamically programmed variational-circuit parameters rather than in nonlinear recurrent hidden states, offering a practical route to quantum sequence modeling. Self-Modulating QFWP improves this framework by using input-dependent gates for both new fast-weight updates and the accumulated fast-weight state, but its unbounded old-state multiplier can diverge in long-sequence regimes. We propose a bounded old-state modulation rule that applies a sign-preserving tanh gate only to the recurrent memory branch while leaving the additive update and new-update modulation unchanged. We evaluate standard QFWP, full Self-Modulating QFWP, Only-New, and Only-Old variants on two CUDA-Q quantum-dynamics forecasting tasks and on Milan SMS telecommunication activity prediction. The quantum-dynamics results show that old-state modulation is the most consistent source of improvement over Standard QFWP, and that bounding the old-state gate removes long-sequence divergence while improving aggregate robustness. On Milan SMS forecasting, the original unbounded Self-Modulating QFWP converges across the tested grid and shows its clearest gains at longer input windows, with behavior close to the Only-Old ablation. These findings identify accumulated-memory modulation as the key mechanism of Self-Modulating QFWP and bounded old-state gating as a targeted stabilization strategy.
Q-GAIN: A Python Package for Machine Learning and Physically Informed Analysis Applications
arXiv:2607.02413v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Here we describe the quantum gas analysis and inference (Q-GAIN) Python package, which enables rapid deployment of machine learning (ML) and physics-informed analysis techniques for cold-atom experiments. Out of the box, Q-GAIN implements classification, object detection, and physics-informed metrics for feature detection in images of atomic Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs). Q-GAIN encourages a natural, module-based workflow: starting with data loading and preprocessing, followed by ML-based feature identification, and ending with conventional analysis techniques. We demonstrate this modularity by configuring Q-GAIN for three ML tasks. First, we demonstrate the basic workflow of the Q-GAIN framework by implementing the standard task of classifying handwritten digits from the MNIST dataset. Then, we re-implement our earlier soliton detection (SolDet) package in the Q-GAIN framework, enabling the detection and analysis of solitonic excitations in time-of-flight data. Finally, we develop an object-detection tool that identifies quantized vortices in images of ring-shaped BECs.
Complex dynamics in the Sherrington-Kirkpatrick game
arXiv:2607.02422v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: We study the outcome of adaptive learning of a large number of players engaging in sets of two-strategy two-player games. We are interested in typical games, and generate the payoff matrices at random at the beginning. The payoff matrices then remain fixed during the learning process. This provides a game theoretic foundation for the Sherrington-Kirkpatrick (SK) game, recently introduced by Garnier-Brun, Benzaquen and Bouchaud. The original model by these authors is a special case, with no bias towards any strategy. We here determine stability of learning for SK games with general random bias, and find that the nature of the stable state is affected by random fields. We also introduce a grand-canonical version of the SK game, in which players can choose to abstain. We determine the stability of learning for this game. Our analysis confirms that complex situations involving many players are frequently unlearnable, even if each player only chooses between two different actions. The rate with which players lose memory of past payoffs and the competitiveness of the game emerge as key parameters determining whether learning converges to a unique fixed point, whether there are many fixed points, or if the dynamics remains persistently volatile.
Decentralized Stochastic Subgradient-type Methods with Communication Compression for Nonsmooth Nonconvex Optimization
arXiv:2607.01755v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: In this paper, we consider the nonsmooth nonconvex decentralized optimization problem, where inter-agent communication is compressed. We propose a general framework that unifies various decentralized stochastic subgradient-type methods with unbiased compression and contractive compression with error compensation. By relating the consensus-error iterates and the averaged iterates to the trajectories of continuous-time differential inclusions, we establish global convergence for all methods encompassed by our framework when the objective functions are nonsmooth and lack Clarke regularity. Based on our framework, we further develop several compression-based methods, including decentralized stochastic subgradient methods utilizing sign-based regularization and gradient-tracking momentum. Preliminary numerical experiments empirically support our theoretical results and highlight the communication-accuracy trade-off of the newly developed methods.
Playing 20 Question Game with Policy-Based Reinforcement Learning
arXiv:1808.07645v5 Announce Type: replace Abstract: The 20 Questions (Q20) game is a well known game which encourages deductive reasoning and creativity. In the game, the answerer first thinks of an object such as a famous person or a kind of animal. Then the questioner tries to guess the object by asking 20 questions. In a Q20 game system, the user is considered as the answerer while the system itself acts as the questioner which requires a good strategy of question selection to figure out the correct object and win the game. However, the optimal policy of question selection is hard to be derived due to the complexity and volatility of the game environment. In this paper, we propose a novel policy-based Reinforcement Learning (RL) method, which enables the questioner agent to learn the optimal policy of question selection through continuous interactions with users. To facilitate training, we also propose to use a reward network to estimate the more informative reward. Compared to previous methods, our RL method is robust to noisy answers and does not rely on the Knowledge Base of objects. Experimental results show that our RL method clearly outperforms an entropy-based engineering system and has competitive performance in a noisy-free simulation environment.
Algorithmic Randomness in Continuous-Time Markov Chains
arXiv:1910.13620v5 Announce Type: replace Abstract: In this paper we develop the elements of the theory of algorithmic randomness in continuous-time Markov chains (CTMCs). Our main contribution is a rigorous, useful notion of what it means for an individual trajectory of a CTMC to be random. CTMCs have discrete state spaces and operate in continuous time. This, together with the fact that trajectories may or may not halt, presents challenges not encountered in more conventional developments of algorithmic randomness. Although we formulate algorithmic randomness in the general context of CTMCs, we are primarily interested in the computational power of stochastic chemical reaction networks, which are special cases of CTMCs. This leads us to embrace situations in which the long-term behavior of a network depends essentially on its initial state and hence to eschew assumptions that are frequently made in Markov chain theory to avoid such dependencies. After defining the randomness of trajectories in terms of martingales (algorithmic betting strategies), we prove equivalent characterizations in terms of algorithmic measure theory and Kolmogorov complexity. As a preliminary application we prove that, in any stochastic chemical reaction network, \emph{every} random trajectory with bounded molecular counts has the non-Zeno property that infinitely many reactions do not occur in any finite interval of time.
Taxonomy and Practical Evaluation of Primality Testing Algorithms
arXiv:2006.08444v4 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Many modern asymmetric encryption methods rely on prime numbers, as they have distinctive properties. For instance, the security of RSA cryptosystem relies on the computational difficulty of factoring a large composite number in its prime factors, a problem that remains challenging for classical computers but potentially solvable using quantum algorithms. On the other hand, generating large prime numbers is also challenging due to their irregular distribution among integers, necessitating the use of primality testing algorithms to verify candidate primes. In this paper, we intensively review and classify various classical and quantum algorithms for factorization and primality testing, highlighting their advantages, limitations, speed/accuracy tradeoffs, time complexities, along with a brief summary. Furthermore, we apply and compare these algorithms to gain practical insights and conduct a comprehensive performance comparison. The insights from this paper show that while quantum factoring algorithms, particularly Shor's algorithm and its refinements, have introduced significant advancements over their classical counterparts, quantum primality testing algorithms have not demonstrated comparable advantages.
Shirakami: A Hybrid Concurrency Control Protocol for Tsurugi Relational Database System
arXiv:2303.18142v3 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Bill-of-materials and telecommunications billing applications need to process both short and long read-write transactions simultaneously. Recent work rarely addresses such evolving workloads. To deal with these workloads, we propose a new concurrency control protocol, Shirakami. Shirakami is a hybrid protocol. The first protocol, Shirakami-LTX, is for long read-write transactions based on multiversion view serializability. The second protocol, Shirakami-OCC, is for short transactions based on Silo. Shirakami naturally integrates them with write-preservation and epoch-based synchronization. It does not require dynamic protocol switching and provides stable performance. We implemented Shirakami as the transaction processing module of the Tsurugi system, which is a production-grade relational database system. The experimental results demonstrated that Tsurugi was at least 7.9x faster than PostgreSQL, and Shirakami-LTX exhibited 680x higher throughput than Shirakami-OCC.
Meta-Representational Predictive Coding: Neuroscience-Informed Self-Supervised Learning
arXiv:2503.21796v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Self-supervised learning has become an increasingly important paradigm in the domain of machine intelligence. Furthermore, evidence for self-supervised adaptation, such as contrastive formulations, has emerged in recent computational neuroscience and brain-inspired research. Nevertheless, current work on self-supervised learning relies on biologically implausible credit assignment -- in the form of backpropagation of errors -- and feedforward inference, typically a forward-locked pass. Predictive coding, in its mechanistic form, offers a biologically plausible means to sidestep these backprop-specific limitations. However, unsupervised predictive coding rests on learning a generative model of raw input (akin to "generative AI" approaches), which entails predicting a potentially high dimensional input; on the other hand, supervised predictive coding, which learns a mapping between inputs to target labels, requires human annotation, and thus incurs the drawbacks of supervised learning. In this work, we present a scheme for self-supervised learning, specifically for an emerging research sub-domain that we label as neuroscience-informed self-supervised learning (NeuroSSL), within a neurobiologically plausible framework that appeals to the free energy principle, constructing a new form of predictive coding that we call meta-representational predictive coding (MPC). MPC sidesteps the need for learning a generative model of sensory input (e.g., pixel-level features) by learning to predict representations of the input across parallel streams, resulting in an encoder-only learning and inference scheme. This formulation notably rests on active inference (in the form of sensory glimpsing) to drive the learning of representations, i.e., the representational dynamics are driven by sequences of decisions made by the model to sample informative portions of its sensorium.
Sigma-Delta Neural Network Conversion on Loihi 2
arXiv:2505.06417v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Neuromorphic computing aims to improve the efficiency of artificial neural networks by taking inspiration from biological neurons and leveraging temporal sparsity, spatial sparsity, and compute near/in memory. Although these approaches have shown efficiency gains, training these spiking neural networks (SNN) remains difficult. The original attempts at converting trained conventional analog neural networks (ANN) to SNNs used the rate of binary spikes to represent neuron activations. This required many simulation time steps per inference, which degraded efficiency. Intel's Loihi 2 is a neuromorphic platform that supports graded spikes which can be used to represent changes in neuron activation. In this work, we use Loihi 2's graded spikes to develop a method for converting ANN networks to spiking networks, which exploits temporal and spatial sparsity. We evaluated the performance of this network on Loihi 2 and compared it to NVIDIA's Jetson Xavier edge AI platform. The results show that neuromorphic approaches achieve significant improvements in efficiency and latency (energy-delay product) over existing solutions.
Human Supervisor Workload Prediction: Lag Horizon Selection
arXiv:2505.15939v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Teleoperation systems must be aware of the human's workload during missions to maintain operator performance. Prior work employed wearable physiological sensor response metrics to estimate current human workload; however, these estimates only enable robots to respond to under- or overload conditions reactively. Current human workload prediction approaches are limited to very short prediction horizons and fail to investigate variable lag horizons' impact on those predictions. This manuscript investigates physiological sensor driven human workload prediction focusing on the impact of lag horizons on both univariate and multivariate time series forecasting models, with longer prediction horizons than the workload prediction state-of-the-art (i.e., > 30 seconds using Long Short-Term Memory networks). Models were trained using data from a 64 participant non-sedentary supervisory environment NASA Multi-Attribute Task Battery-II human subjects evaluation. A key finding is that univariate workload predictions required 240 second lag horizons, whereas multivariate workload predictions sufficed with 120 second lag horizons. This finding indicates additional workload components reduce lag horizon requirements, enabling more efficient models with longer prediction horizons.
MAGIK: Mapping to Analogous Goals via Imagination-enabled Knowledge Transfer
arXiv:2506.01623v4 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Humans excel at analogical reasoning - applying knowledge from one task to a related one with minimal relearning. In contrast, reinforcement learning (RL) agents typically require extensive retraining even when new tasks share structural similarities with previously learned ones. In this work, we propose MAGIK, a novel framework that enables RL agents to transfer knowledge to analogous tasks without interacting with the target environment. Our approach leverages an imagination mechanism to map entities in the target task to their analogues in the source domain, allowing the agent to reuse its original policy. Experiments on custom MiniGrid and MuJoCo tasks show that MAGIK achieves effective zero-shot transfer using only a small number of human-labelled examples. We compare our approach to related baselines and highlight how it offers a novel and effective mechanism for knowledge transfer via imagination-based analogy mapping.
MetaTT: A Global Tensor-Train Adapter for Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning
arXiv:2506.09105v3 Announce Type: replace Abstract: We present MetaTT, a Tensor Train (TT) adapter framework for fine-tuning of pre-trained transformers. MetaTT enables flexible and parameter-efficient model adaptation by using a single shared TT to factorize transformer sub-modules. This factorization indexes key structural dimensions, including layer and matrix type, and can optionally incorporate heads and tasks. This design allows MetaTT's parameter count to scale with the sum, rather than the product, of the modes, resulting in a substantially more compact adapter. Our benchmarks compare MetaTT with LoRA along with recent state-of-the-art matrix and tensor decomposition based fine-tuning methods. We observe that when tested on single-task standard language modeling benchmarks, MetaTT achieves competitive parameter efficiency to accuracy tradeoff. We further demonstrate that MetaTT performs competitively when compared to state-of-the-art methods on multi-task learning. Finally, we leverage the TT decomposition to design a rank adaptive optimizer inspired by the DMRG method from many-body physics. Our results demonstrate that integrating this approach with AdamW enhances optimization performance for a specified target rank.
Stimulus Motion Perception Studies Imply Specific Neural Computations in Human Visual Stabilization
arXiv:2506.13506v4 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Even during fixation the human eye is constantly in low amplitude motion, jittering over small angles in random directions at up to 100Hz. This motion results in all features of the image on the retina constantly traversing a number of cones, yet objects which are stable in the world are perceived to be stable, and any object which is moving in the world is perceived to be moving. A series of experiments carried out over a dozen years revealed the psychophysics of visual stabilization to be more nuanced than might be assumed, say, from the mechanics of stabilization of camera images, or what might be assumed to be the simplest solution from an evolutionary perspective. The psychophysics revealed by the experiments strongly implies a specific set of operations on retinal signals resulting in the observed stabilization behavior. The presentation is in two levels. First is a functional description of the action of the mechanism that is very likely responsible for the experimentally observed behavior. Second is a more speculative proposal of circuit-level neural elements that might implement the functional behavior.
Unique support from identity-based groups: Professional networks of women and LGBTQ+ physicists analyzed and compared by career sector
arXiv:2506.14752v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: This paper presents a social network analysis of the professional support networks of 100 LGBTQ+ and/or women PhD physicists, comparing the networks based on the career sectors of academia, industry, and government/nonprofit. The methods for constructing and analyzing the ego networks, which are novel in many ways, are explained in greater detail in an earlier publication (Hatcher et. al., 2025). We describe the networks of the whole group and use statistical tests of independence to explore differences between sectors in terms of whole network metrics, network composition based on alter (network member) characteristics, and support. We find that alters associated with groups (like affinity groups and personal and professional interest groups) are more likely to provide identity-based and community building support, participants in Academia have fewer personal friends in their networks while those in Industry have more, participants in Government report less instrumental support, and those in Academia report less material support. These results and others lead to suggestions for employers in these sectors on how to better support these physicists, including continuing to promote participation in affinity and interest groups, providing more material support and/or personal time in the academic sector, and more instrumental support in the form of professional development or training in the government sector.
Mirror-mediated long-range coupling and robust phase locking of spatially separated exciton-polariton condensates
arXiv:2506.20924v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Lattice arrays are valuable simulators for complex mathematical problems, but physical systems typically allow only short-range coupling. We demonstrate a method for independently tunable, long-range interactions between polariton condensates in two-dimensional lattices by using vertical emission and external imaging to couple arbitrary sites. Two geometrically isolated condensates are phase-locked without planar coupling, verified via phase-resolved interferometry. Analytical modeling reveals mechanisms for robust coherence. The mirror-based scheme, free of cameras or modulators, offers a pure, high-bandwidth analogt element. Extension to dense graphs via segmented micro-mirrors is limited only by imaging optics, enabling scalable, energy-efficient polaritonic hardware for neuromorphic computation.
ADMC: Attention-based Diffusion Model for Missing Modalities Feature Completion
arXiv:2507.05624v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Multimodal emotion and intent recognition is essential for automated human-computer interaction, It aims to analyze users' speech, text, and visual information to predict their emotions or intent. One of the significant challenges is that missing modalities due to sensor malfunctions or incomplete data. Traditional methods that attempt to reconstruct missing information often suffer from over-coupling and imprecise generation processes, leading to suboptimal outcomes. To address these issues, we introduce an Attention-based Diffusion model for Missing Modalities feature Completion (ADMC). Our framework independently trains feature extraction networks for each modality, preserving their unique characteristics and avoiding over-coupling. The Attention-based Diffusion Network (ADN) generates missing modality features that closely align with authentic multimodal distribution, enhancing performance across all missing-modality scenarios. Moreover, ADN's cross-modal generation offers improved recognition even in full-modality contexts. Our approach achieves state-of-the-art results on the IEMOCAP and MIntRec benchmarks, demonstrating its effectiveness in both missing and complete modality scenarios.
Latent Policy Barrier: Learning Robust Visuomotor Policies by Staying In-Distribution
arXiv:2508.05941v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Visuomotor policies trained via behavior cloning are vulnerable to covariate shift, where small deviations from expert trajectories can compound into failure. Common strategies to mitigate this issue involve expanding the training distribution through human-in-the-loop corrections or synthetic data augmentation. However, these approaches are often labor-intensive, rely on strong task assumptions, or compromise the quality of imitation. We introduce Latent Policy Barrier, a framework for robust visuomotor policy learning. Inspired by Control Barrier Functions, LPB treats the latent embeddings of expert demonstrations as an implicit barrier separating safe, in-distribution states from unsafe, out-of-distribution (OOD) ones. Our approach decouples the role of precise expert imitation and OOD recovery into two separate modules: a base diffusion policy solely on expert data, and a dynamics model trained on both expert and suboptimal policy rollout data. At inference time, the dynamics model predicts future latent states and optimizes them to stay within the expert distribution. Both simulated and real-world experiments show that LPB improves both policy robustness and data efficiency, enabling reliable manipulation from limited expert data and without additional human correction or annotation.
Emergence: from physics to biology, sociology, and computer science
arXiv:2508.08548v4 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Many systems involve numerous interacting parts and the whole system can have properties that the individual parts do not. I take this novelty as the defining characteristic of an emergent property. Other characteristics associated with emergence discussed include universality, order, complexity, unpredictability, irreducibility, diversity, self-organisation, discontinuities, and singularities. Emergent phenomena are widespread across physics, biology, social sciences, and computing, and are central to major scientific and societal challenges. Understanding emergence involves considering the stratification of reality across different scales (energy, time, length, complexity), each with its distinct ontology and epistemology, leading to semi-autonomous scientific disciplines. A central challenge is bridging the gap between macroscopic emergent properties and microscopic component interactions. Identifying an intermediate mesoscopic scale where new, weakly interacting entities or modular structures emerge is key. Theoretical approaches, such as effective theories (describing phenomena at a specific scale) and toy models (simplified systems for analysis), are vital. The Ising model exemplifies how toy models can elucidate emergence characteristics. Emergence is central to condensed matter physics, chaotic systems, fluid dynamics, nuclear physics, quantum gravity, neural networks, protein folding, and social segregation. An emergent perspective should influence scientific strategy by shaping research questions, methodologies, priorities, and resource allocation. An elusive goal is the design and control of emergent properties.
MedRepBench: A Comprehensive Benchmark for Medical Report Interpretation
arXiv:2508.16674v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Medical report understanding from real-world document images is essential for generating patient-facing explanations and enabling structured information exchange in clinical systems. Existing VLMs and LLMs have shown strong performance on document understanding, but structured understanding of medical reports remains insufficiently benchmarked. Therefore, we introduce MedRepBench, a benchmark with 1,925 de-identified Chinese medical report images spanning diverse departments, patient demographics, and acquisition formats. In MedRepBench, we mainly focus on report-grounded interpretation rather than evaluating diagnostic reasoning, treatment recommendation, or the integration of patient history. The interpretation is defined as structured extraction of report fields (e.g., item, value, unit, reference range, abnormal flag) plus a patient-facing explanation grounded strictly in the report content. The benchmark primarily evaluates end-to-end VLMs, and also includes a controlled text-only setting (high-quality OCR + LLM) to approximate an upper bound when character recognition errors are minimized. Our evaluation framework provides two complementary protocols: (1) an objective protocol measuring field-level recall of structured items, and (2) an automated subjective protocol that uses an LLM-based judge to score factuality, interpretability, and reasoning quality under a fixed prompt. Using the objective metric as a reward signal, we also provide a lightweight GRPO-based alignment baseline for a mid-sized VLM, which improves field-level recall by up to 6%. Finally, we analyze practical limitations of OCR+LLM pipelines, including layout-related errors and additional system latency, showing the need for robust end-to-end vision-based medical report understanding. The dataset and evaluation resources are publicly available on https://huggingface.co/datasets/MedRepBench/MedRepBench.
Artificial Intelligence-Enabled Accounting Information Systems and Fraud Detection in Nigeria's Financial Services Sector: The Moderating Role of Natural Language Processing
arXiv:2607.01257v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: The rapid digitalisation of financial systems has improved operational efficiency and financial inclusion while simultaneously increasing exposure to sophisticated forms of cyber-enabled fraud and electronic financial misconduct. Conventional auditing systems, which largely depend on retrospective verification and rule-based monitoring, increasingly struggle to address the complexity and speed of modern financial crime. Consequently, financial institutions are progressively adopting Artificial Intelligence (AI)-enabled Accounting Information Systems (AIS) and Natural Language Processing (NLP) technologies to strengthen fraud detection, continuous auditing, and institutional monitoring. This study examined the influence of AI-enabled AIS on auditing and fraud detection effectiveness within Nigeria's financial services sector while additionally evaluating the moderating role of NLP. Anchored on the Fraud Diamond Theory and the Technology Acceptance Model, the study adopted a quantitative cross-sectional survey design. Primary data were collected from 186 professionals across banking, insurance, and FinTech institutions in Nigeria. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, multiple regression, and hierarchical moderated regression techniques. The findings revealed that AI-enabled AIS significantly improves auditing and fraud detection effectiveness, particularly through prevention, detection, data analysis, and investigative capabilities. The results further indicated that NLP positively moderates the relationship between AI-enabled AIS and auditing effectiveness by improving semantic interpretation and analytical explainability. The study concludes that AI-enabled AIS and NLP are increasingly important for strengthening fraud governance, regulatory accountability, and institutional trust within emerging digital financial environments.
Computer Vision for Wildlife Monitoring: Detecting Brown Howler Monkeys using YOLO
arXiv:2607.01396v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Urban expansion threatens global biodiversity, especially affecting arboreal species due to the fragmentation of forest habitats. The movement of arboreal species across disjointed forest patches increases mortality risk and, thus, compromises their conservation. In this context, the installation of canopy bridges can be a viable strategy; yet continuous monitoring of their use by arboreal species is essential for ensuring their effectiveness, typically carried out with the aid of camera traps. However, this method often produces false-positive images that demand time from conservationists for review. In this context, computer vision algorithms can optimize the task of detecting target species using the canopy bridges. In this study, we explored the automatic detection of brown howler monkeys (Alouatta guariba) in videos obtained by camera traps. Given the need for a large number of annotated images of the target animals to train the algorithms, we tested the incorporation of auxiliary data to improve detection models, fine-tuning the YOLOv10 framework using varying proportions of them. The improvement of these automatic detection techniques contributes to conservation efforts, by providing automatic tools to monitor solutions that minimize the impact of human interference in animals habitats.