Fysik & material

Researchers have developed a method to pinpoint exactly where and when energy dissipates in far-from-equilibrium processes—from chemical reactions to biological systems. The technique combines machine learning with thermodynamic principles to extract this information directly from experimental data, potentially helping industries optimize processes and reduce losses.EN

Researchers used data from orbiting observatories and NASA's Voyager spacecraft to rule out several hypothetical dark matter candidates that would decay into electron-positron pairs. The findings tighten constraints on where scientists should look next, potentially accelerating the search for physics beyond current theory.EN

Researchers have discovered that chiral molecules change their electrical behavior unpredictably when attached to magnetic environments, breaking a 100-year-old physics rule. The finding could reshape how engineers design spin-based sensors, quantum computers, and magnetic devices that rely on predictable molecular responses.EN

Researchers have developed a technique to map underground rock structures where CO2 will be stored, solving a problem that conventional imaging misses. The method could accelerate permitting and reduce safety risks for carbon capture projects across Europe—a key climate strategy with billions in government funding.EN

Researchers have synthesized a mixed-valent vanadium phosphide that maintains unpaired electrons at high temperatures—a property typically impossible in molecular systems. The discovery could unlock new magnetic materials for electronics and computing devices where conventional compounds fail.EN

Researchers have combined quantum computing techniques with artificial intelligence to simulate how molecules interact at ultrafast timescales—while cutting computational costs by orders of magnitude. The breakthrough could enable faster, cheaper development of new pharmaceuticals, materials, and chemical processes by making detailed molecular simulations practical for industry use.EN

Researchers have identified how intense cutting conditions create ultra-hard, nanocrystalline surface layers on bearing steel—a critical step in manufacturing high-performance components. The discovery could help manufacturers better control surface quality and extend equipment life in aerospace, automotive, and industrial sectors.EN

Researchers have improved how computational chemistry predicts molecular interactions by combining different types of charge representations, reducing prediction errors to 12 kJ/mol—a 30% improvement over standard methods. The advance could accelerate drug discovery and materials development by making force field simulations more reliable and reducing the need for expensive physical experiments.EN

Researchers used machine learning to identify new oxygen-carrier materials that could make chemical looping—a process for producing chemicals and separating oxygen—more efficient and cost-effective. The approach cuts discovery time dramatically, potentially accelerating deployment of greener alternatives to conventional industrial processes.EN

Researchers have finally cracked why azobenzene molecules change shape at different rates depending on their chemical structure—a question that has stumped chemists for 100 years. The finding rewrites the rulebook for predicting how these widely used compounds behave, potentially speeding up development of new photoswitches, dyes, and pharmaceuticals worth billions in industrial applications.EN

Researchers used X-ray imaging to reveal how engineered peptides self-assemble into clusters in solution, a process that directly affects drug stability and efficacy. The finding helps pharmaceutical companies predict and prevent formulation failures before costly manufacturing and clinical trials begin.EN

Researchers have engineered a hybrid material combining collagen and silica that is significantly stronger than collagen alone while remaining flexible and biocompatible. The breakthrough could accelerate development of implantable tissues for joint repair, wound healing, and organ reconstruction—markets worth billions annually.EN

Researchers have developed a grafting technique that significantly boosts the performance of cellulose fibers for water purification without degrading their underlying structure. The method could accelerate commercial deployment of plant-based water treatment systems, offering manufacturers a competitive edge in the growing environmental remediation market.EN

Researchers have solved a decades-old puzzle in molecular physics by showing that certain ions can break apart and recombine through an unexpected mechanism that doesn't require the molecular interactions scientists thought were necessary. The findings could improve models used in plasma processing, atmospheric chemistry, and semiconductor manufacturing where these reactions occur.EN

Researchers have mapped how angled dust impacts damage fusion reactor walls far more severely than straight-on collisions — a finding that could reshape how engineers design next-generation reactors. The work provides the first empirical damage model for oblique impacts, critical data for predicting maintenance costs and operational lifespans of billion-dollar fusion facilities.EN

Researchers have simplified production of a specialized titanium catalyst used in pharmaceutical and polymer manufacturing, cutting synthesis to one step with 97% purity. The breakthrough reduces production complexity for industrial chemistry, potentially lowering costs and accelerating development of asymmetric synthesis—a technique critical for making active pharmaceutical ingredients.EN

PtBi-legeringar öppnar vägen till effektivare spinntronika-enheter genom att sänka trösköldsströmmen för själv-oscillationer i spin Hall nano-oscillatorer (SHNO). Denna främre måste inte bara förbättra enheternas prestanda utan också reducera energiförbrukningen markant — en kritisk faktor för integreringen i neuromorfa datorarkitekturer och högfrekvenstillämpningar. Forskargruppen vid Göteborgs universitet, tillsammans med labb vid Tohoku University, Greifswald och München, demonstrerade att kontrollerad kristallinitet i PtBi-lagret drastiskt påverkar spinn-bana-vridmomentet (spin-orbit torque). Genom att optimera materialstrukturen lyckades de uppnå robust oscillationsbeteende vid lägre drivströmmar än tidigare rapporterats för motsvarande nanoskaleenheter. För materialleverantörer och produktutvecklare blir detta relevant då det pekar mot en framtida marknad för specialiserade spin Hall-material med definierade kristallina egenskaper. Tidsaspekten är kort: nanoskale mikrovågkällor för neuromorfa system börjar få kommersiell vikt redan inom två till tre år.

Researchers have identified a novel α-aminophosphonic acid that inhibits VIM-2, an enzyme that helps antibiotic-resistant bacteria survive treatment. The discovery could lead to new combination therapies against drug-resistant infections, a growing threat to public health and healthcare costs worldwide.EN

Researchers have identified exactly how temperature degrades the performance of InGaN quantum wells used in red LEDs and displays. The findings could guide manufacturers to design longer-lasting, more efficient light sources by engineering defect pathways that survive higher temperatures.EN

A newly published article honors the career and mentorship contributions of Professor Imomnazar Kudratov (1946–2024), a figure in botanical research. The tribute appears in a specialized journal, preserving the influence of senior scientists whose work shaped current research directions—a practice increasingly important as institutions seek to document intellectual lineages and institutional knowledge.EN

Researchers have developed a precise method to measure a fundamental property of magnetic nanoparticles that determines how they respond to magnetic fields. The technique could accelerate development of better materials for everything from data storage to medical imaging, giving companies a faster way to optimize magnetic particle designs.EN

Researchers have solved a decades-old puzzle about how dark matter relates to the smallest galaxies in the universe, pinpointing why measurements scatter so wildly. The breakthrough could reshape models used to test dark matter theories and refine how astronomers estimate the universe's fundamental composition.EN

Supernova SN 2024abfl förändrar förståelsen av lågenergikärnkollapser och kan påverka materialvetenskapliga modeller för högenergetiska processer. Observationen är den svagaste Type IIP-supernovan dokumenterad, med en extraordinärt platt ljuskurva och ett förälderstjärnmaterial begränsat till under 10 solmassor. Hydrodynamisk simulering visar en explosionsenergi under 0,05 foe och nickelmassor på endast 0,003 solmassor — värden långt under normalt förväntade parametrar. Forskare från Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Stockholm University och japanska Hiroshima University analyserade multiväglängdsdata från galaxen NGC 2146 och gav oberoende avståndsuppskattningar på 7–9 megaparsec. Resultaten begränsar teorier om kärnkollapsmekanismer och ger referensvärden för modellering av exotiska stjärnexplosioner. Upptäckten öppnar för nya klassificeringar av lågenergihändelser inom astrofysiken.

Researchers have developed EPOS, a method that uses enzymes to precisely monitor when proteins interact with each other—a capability valuable for drug development and diagnostics. The approach could accelerate how quickly companies screen potential therapeutics and validate biomarkers for disease detection.EN

Researchers analyzing over 130,000 islands found that Earth's coastlines follow a mathematical pattern—but differently depending on location. The discovery reveals how erosion and sediment buildup reshape islands over time, with implications for coastal development, infrastructure planning, and predicting how shorelines will change.EN