Nuclear fusion plants face new wall damage risk from high-speed debris
Researchers have mapped how angled dust impacts damage fusion reactor walls far more severely than straight-on collisions — a finding that could reshape how engineers design next-generation reactors. The work provides the first empirical damage model for oblique impacts, critical data for predicting maintenance costs and operational lifespans of billion-dollar fusion facilities.
Originaltitel: Wall damage due to oblique high velocity dust impacts
Runaway electron termination on plasma facing components can trigger material explosions that are accompanied by the expulsion of fast solid debris. Due to the large kinetic energies of the ejected dust particles, their subsequent mechanical impacts on the vessel lead to extensive cratering. Earlier experimental studies of high velocity micrometric tungsten dust collisions with tungsten plates focused exclusively on normal impacts. Here, oblique high velocity tungsten-on-tungsten mechanical impacts are reproduced in a controlled manner by a two-stage light gas gun shooting system. The strong dependence of the crater characteristics and crater morphology on the incident angle is documented. A reliable empirical damage law is extracted for the dependence of the crater depth on the incident angle. • Runaway electron - PFC interaction leads to fast debris expulsion and subsequent wall cratering. • First light gas gun experiments on oblique high velocity W-on-W mechanical impacts. • Strong dependence of the crater characteristics and morphology on the incident angle. • Reliable empirical damage law for the dependence of the crater depth on the incident angle.