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Some pterosaurs may have boasted bold iridescence
Some fossilized filaments are giving Earth’s first flying vertebrates a shiny new makeover. At least one species of pterosaur shimmered in iridescent greens and magentas , scientists report May 10 at bioRxiv.org. The discovery reshapes what we know about the fearsome flying reptiles, hinting at heightened metabolisms and hidden courtship displays. “This is one of the most intriguing and surprising fossil discoveries of the past few years,” says paleontologist Steve Brusatte of the University of Edinburgh, who was not involved with the research. The new work focuses on a previously unexamined specimen of Sinopterus dongi , a small pterosaur whose wingspan could reach nearly 2 meters. Found in northeast China, the fossil is more than 120 million years old and shows evidence of extraordinary soft tissue preservation, offering an unusual glimpse into how pterosaurs might have looked. “Soft tissue preservation at this level of fidelity is incredibly rare,” says David Martill, a paleontologist at the University of Portsmouth in England who was not involved with the work. Prior research has found that pterosaurs had pigment-containing structures known as melanosomes in their pycnofibers — small filaments of different shapes and sizes, with many similar to protofeathers found in some dinosaurs. Those findings have long led paleontologists to envision pterosaurs with colorful patterns on their crests and other body parts. But the finding that they might be iridescent is something new. Iridescence occurs when an object reflects different colors depending on the viewing angle, creating a kaleidoscopic spectacle. It has evolved many times in the natural world — in insects, birds and even some plants and fungi. In each case, the shimmer comes from layered structures that scatter light and split it into myriad colors. For the new study, researchers scrutinized the fossil’s microscopic structure using scanning electron microscopy and other techniques. They found that the…
A drug may help people on GLP-1 meds preserve muscle
This is a human-written story voiced by AI. Got feedback? Take our survey . (See our AI policy here .) When people drop weight on GLP-1 meds, they can also lose muscle. But a proof-of-concept drug might help preserve this lean tissue. When taken at the same time as a powerful weight loss medication, the experimental antibody let patients hang on to lean body mass , scientists report June 8 in Nature Medicine . The drug has not yet been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration and is available only via intravenous infusions, so it’s not something consumers are likely to get their hands on any time soon, says study coauthor Richard Pratley, a clinician and metabolic disease researcher at the AdventHealth Translational Research Institute in Orlando, Fla. But the work cracks open the door on how to save muscle that might otherwise be lost.­ That may be good news for GLP-1 users, but important questions remain. Scientists don’t know if retaining lean mass like this actually translates to better health. They also don’t know the long-term effects or whether such drugs might help people beyond GLP-1 users, like older individuals whose muscles are shrinking with age. “We need to learn what these medications are capable of,” Pratley says. GLP-1 drugs can spark drastic and rapid weight loss. But not all the weight lost is fat. Some 25 to 40 percent is lean body mass, which includes a person’s muscle, organs and blood. Though patients may lose some muscle when they drop lean mass, it may be less than people think, says Randy Seeley, an obesity researcher at University of Michigan Medical School in Ann Arbor who was not involved with the study. Despite what you hear from social media influencers about the importance of maintaining muscle mass when taking Ozempic, he says, for most people, “this isn’t a problem that needs to be solved.” That view is supported by clinical trials on GLP-1 drugs. For most participants, Pratley says, losing lean body mass doesn’t…
This tiny, blue octopus is new to science
The deep-sea octopus is fully mature despite fitting in a palm, a trait researchers think may help it reproduce faster than larger relatives.