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Nature, Published online: 13 May 2026; doi:10.1038/s41586-026-10480-0Reparative microglia persist in the brain after stroke but become dysfunctional through ZFP384-mediated mechanisms; however, this process can be mitigated by targeting Zfp384 using therapeutic antisense oligonucleotides.

Nature, Published online: 13 May 2026; doi:10.1038/s41586-026-10494-8Single-cell transcriptomics combined with morphological and ecological data show that the rapid evolutionary radiation of cichlid fishes in Lake Tanganyika was accompanied by dietary specialization across multiple layers of biological organization.

Nature, Published online: 13 May 2026; doi:10.1038/s41586-026-10501-yConnexin proteins found in white perch fish were used to engineer synthetic electrical synapses, enabling precision circuit editing in mammals.

Nature, Published online: 13 May 2026; doi:10.1038/s41586-026-10506-7Government-controlled media influences the output of large language models via their training data, and models queried in the languages of countries with lower media freedom show a stronger pro-regime valence than models queried in the languages of countries with higher media freedom.

Nature, Published online: 13 May 2026; doi:10.1038/s41586-026-10544-1A new metric shows that compound climate extremes rise faster with cumulative CO2 emissions than models project, implying higher risks and smaller remaining carbon budgets for the 1.5 °C and 2 °C targets.

Nature, Published online: 13 May 2026; doi:10.1038/s41586-026-10478-8Palaeoproteomic analysis of ancient enamel proteins extracted from Middle Pleistocene Homo erectus specimens from the Zhoukoudian, Hexian and Sunjiadong sites in China suggests that they are a new genetic monogroup, and super-archaic introgression in Denisovans is likely to have originated from H. erectus.

Nature, Published online: 13 May 2026; doi:10.1038/s41586-026-10511-wA twenty-first century fire is shown to be the first to have affected a high-elevation region in the central African mountains in the past 12,000 years, and previous burning at mid-elevations highlights the potential role of humans in transforming Afromontane ecosystems.

Nature, Published online: 13 May 2026; doi:10.1038/s41586-026-10469-9Treatment data for triple-negative breast cancer show the importance of macrophage subtypes and cancer-cell metaprograms for interferon signalling, HLA expression and cell cycle activity that are associated with a good response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy.

Nature, Published online: 13 May 2026; doi:10.1038/s41586-026-10523-6A programmable photonic quantum processor, Jiuzhang 4.0, incorporates 1,024 high-efficiency squeezed states into a hybrid spatial–temporal encoded 8,176-mode circuit.

Nature, Published online: 13 May 2026; doi:10.1038/s41586-026-10490-ySystems-level analyses of organ intrinsic nervous systems reveal that these networks are initially configured by lineage-dependent programmes, and their architecture and molecular identity are refined by intra-organ specific local cues.

Nature, Published online: 13 May 2026; doi:10.1038/s41586-026-10530-7High-resolution in situ cryo-electron tomography in Schizosaccharomyces pombe identifies SNOR protein, which binds to ribosomes during dormancy induced by glucose depletion, priming them for rapid reactivation of protein synthesis upon glucose repletion.

Nature, Published online: 13 May 2026; doi:10.1038/s41586-026-10431-9Electron-beam control enables deterministic placement of tens of thousands of atomic defects in three-dimensional crystals, creating stable, programmable artificial matter for scalable quantum and nanoscale technologies.

Nature, Published online: 13 May 2026; doi:10.1038/s41586-026-10481-zHippocampal–neocortical communication reconfigures predetermined circuit motifs to flexibly encode experiences.

Nature, Published online: 13 May 2026; doi:10.1038/s41586-026-10465-zAn analysis of 5,778 domains 28–64 amino acids in length reveals hidden variation in conformational fluctuations, even between sequences sharing the same fold and global folding stability.

Nature, Published online: 13 May 2026; doi:10.1038/s41586-026-10489-5Structured liquid droplets exhibit asymmetric division in the absence of reconstituted protein machinery.

Nature, Published online: 13 May 2026; doi:10.1038/s41586-026-10524-5A cross-organ, multi-omics U-shaped relationship between sleep duration and biological ageing clocks highlights the potential of sleep optimization to promote healthy ageing, lower disease risk and extend longevity.

Nature, Published online: 13 May 2026; doi:10.1038/s41586-026-10491-xMachine learning analysis of cell-type-specific gene expression in mouse and human neocortex and human cortical organoids reveals human-specific cell-type and temporal variations in expression controlled by JUNB.

Nature, Published online: 13 May 2026; doi:10.1038/s41586-026-10383-0Global analysis of obesity trends from 1980 to 2024 in 200 countries and territories using data from 4,050 population-based studies reveals that framing obesity as a single global epidemic masks the highly varied dynamics across countries and age groups.

Nature, Published online: 13 May 2026; doi:10.1038/s41586-026-10531-6From pregnancy until lactation, eosinophils accumulate in the small intestine where they regulate goblet cell fate and enhance innate defences against enteric pathogens.

Nature, Published online: 13 May 2026; doi:10.1038/s41586-026-10510-xCombining a computational framework and optogenetic and chemogenetic manipulations within and downstream of the cortico-basal ganglia circuit identifies the specific cortico-basal ganglia synapses that drive the acquisition and expression of rapid vocal changes during juvenile song learning.

Nature, Published online: 13 May 2026; doi:10.1038/s41586-026-10515-6PTCHD1-AS, which encodes a long non-coding RNA, is associated with the aetiology of autism spectrum disorder in humans through striatal molecular and circuit-level dysregulation.

Nature, Published online: 13 May 2026; doi:10.1038/s41586-026-10454-2Integration of data representing 35,120 brain scans from diverse global studies enables construction of reference charts that define normative microstructural and macrostructural properties across the human lifespan for research and clinical diagnosis.

Nature, Published online: 13 May 2026; doi:10.1038/d41586-026-01374-2Limited access to medical professionals and irresponsible prescribing practices are contributing to antimicrobial resistance in low-resource settings.

Nature, Published online: 13 May 2026; doi:10.1038/d41586-026-01379-xThe last antimicrobial peptide was developed decades ago. Now, drug-resistant bacteria are forcing scientists to take a fresh look at this class of antibiotic.

Nature, Published online: 13 May 2026; doi:10.1038/d41586-026-01485-wObservations from the James Webb Space Telescope reveal that extremely fast, galaxy-scale outflows from luminous objects called quasars were much more frequent, and on average more powerful, about one billion years after the Big Bang than at later cosmic epochs. These outflows could easily escape their host galaxies and regulate the evolution of early massive galaxies.