Women show higher stress and Type A traits, study finds across three groups
A new study confirms a consistent gender gap in stress levels and Type A personality traits, with women reporting significantly higher negative emotions across university students and secondary school pupils. The findings suggest workplace wellness programs and mental health interventions may need gender-differentiated approaches to be effective.
Originaltitel: Affective state, stress, and Type A-personality as a function of gender and affective profiles
<p>Three studies were performed to examine positive and negative affect, stress and energy, and Type-A personality as a function of Gender and Affective profiles. In Study I, 304 university</p><p>students (152 male and 152 female), in Study II, 142 pupils at upper secondary school (95</p><p>male and 47 female) and in Study III, 166 pupils at upper secondary school (84 male and 82</p><p>female) completed self-report questionnaires pertaining to Positive affect and Negative affect</p><p>Scales (PANAS), stress and energy (SE), the Type A-personality scale and a Background and</p><p>Health questionnaire. The results indicated gender effects by which female participants</p><p>expressed a higher level of negative affect, stress and Type A-personality were found in all</p><p>three studies, as well as for energy in Study I. There were marked effects of Affective profiles</p><p>upon stress, energy and Type A-personality in all three studies. Regression analysis indicated</p><p>that Type A-personality could be predicted from a high level of Negative Affect (Study I, II</p><p>and III) as well as from high levels of stress (Study I and II). All three studies indicate a link</p><p>between negative affectivity, stress and Type A-personality with consequences for the</p><p>maladaptive behavioral patterns implying health hazards.</p>