New simulation reveals how carbonate slows cement hydration

Researchers used advanced computer modeling to identify precisely how carbonate ions interfere with cement's hydration process at the molecular level. The finding could help cement makers optimize formulations and improve concrete durability—a critical concern for infrastructure longevity and climate impact reduction.

Originaltitel: ReaxFF metadynamics reveals the localized passivation effects of carbonate ion on tricalcium silicate surface hydration