Researchers map the rules for quantum measurements across networked systems
Scientists have created the first complete framework for understanding how quantum measurements work when computers share information over networks. The findings could accelerate development of practical quantum networks and help companies build more efficient quantum systems that rely on distributed computing and real-time communication.
Originaltitel: Structure of quantum measurements implementable with one round of classical communication
Measurements that can be implemented via local operations and classical communication (LOCC) constitute a class of operations that is available in future quantum networks in which parties share entangled resource states. We characterise the different classes of measurements implementable with LOCC, where communication is restricted to a single round with a fixed direction. In particular, using the framework of constrained separability problems, we provide a complete characterisation of the class of LOCC measurements that require one round of classical communication with a limit on the transmitted information. Furthermore, we show how to distinguish between adaptive and non-adaptive measurement strategies. Using our techniques, we present examples where the success probability of state discrimination depends on the direction of communication as well as on the message size. We also discuss explicit instances of state ensembles where non-projective measurements provide an advantage and where adaptive measurement strategies lead to improved success rates when compared to all non-adaptive strategies.