Scientists map hidden DNA structures that control genes, opening new drug targets
Researchers have created the first comprehensive map of i-motifs—unusual four-stranded DNA structures that regulate gene activity. The work, which develops new detection methods and identifies where these structures sit in the genome, could unlock entirely new approaches to treating cancer and genetic diseases by targeting these previously invisible regulatory switches.
Originaltitel: The cellular landscape of i-motifs: genomic insights, methodological challenges, and the road ahead
Non-canonical DNA structures add a dynamic layer of genome regulation beyond the classical double helix. I-motifs, cytosine-rich four-stranded DNA structures, are increasingly recognized as context-dependent regulators of genome function. Recent methodological advances, including i-motif-specific antibodies, in-cell NMR, and genome-wide profiling, have enabled their detection and functional interrogation. Here, we review progress in understanding i-motif formation, stability, and protein interactions, highlighting parallels and contrasts with G-quadruplex structures. We also discuss technical limitations, strategies for improving structure-specific resolution, and future opportunities to integrate biochemical, genomic, and imaging approaches to clarify the biological relevance and therapeutic potential of i-motifs.