Ancient dog DNA reveals Europe-wide pet trade 15,000 years ago
Researchers have discovered that domesticated dogs spread rapidly across Europe and Asia during the last Ice Age, suggesting that hunter-gatherer societies actively traded animals across vast distances. The finding rewrites understanding of Palaeolithic social networks and challenges assumptions about when humans began exchanging goods across continents.
Originaltitel: Dogs were widely distributed across western Eurasia during the Palaeolithic
Abstract Archaeological evidence suggests that dogs diverged from wolves during the Palaeolithic, more than 15,000 years ago 1–7 . The earliest unequivocal genetic evidence, however, is associated with dog remains from Mesolithic archaeological contexts approximately 10,900 years ago 8,9 . Here we generate both nuclear and mitochondrial genomes from canid remains at Pınarbaşı in Türkiye (15,800 years ago) 10 and Gough’s Cave in the UK (14,300 years ago) 11 , as well as from dogs excavated from two Mesolithic sites in Serbia (Padina between 11,500–7,900 years ago and Vlasac 8,900 years ago) 12,13 . Our analyses indicate that a genetically homogeneous dog population was already widely distributed across Europe and Anatolia during the Late Upper Palaeolithic (by at least 14,300 years ago). This finding suggests that dogs were exchanged among genetically and culturally distinct western Eurasian Late Palaeolithic human populations, namely the Magdalenian, Epigravettian and Anatolian hunter-gatherers 10,14–16 . Last, we identify a major influx of eastern Eurasian dog ancestry during the Mesolithic, concomitant with the movement of eastern hunter-gatherer populations into Europe 14 , which led to the establishment of the primary ancestry characteristics that define European dog populations today.